Lesson Plan for Foundation - Mathematics - Simple Addition and Subtraction

### Lesson Plan: Simple Addition and Subtraction for Foundation Students **Grade Level:** Foundation (Kindergarten) **Subject:** Mathematics **Duration:** 45 minutes **Topic:** Simple Addition and Subtraction **Objective:** - Students will understand the basic concepts of addition and subtraction. - Students will be able to solve simple addition and subtraction problems using visual aids and manipulatives. **Materials Needed:** - Number cards (1-10) - Counters (small objects like buttons or cubes) - Addition and subtraction worksheets - Whiteboard and markers - Storybooks that involve counting - Interactive games or apps on tablets (if available) - Chart paper for group activities ### Lesson Structure #### 1. Introduction (10 minutes) **Activity: Storytime with Math** - Start with a short storybook that involves counting, adding, or subtracting. Example: "Ten Black Dots" by Donald Crews. - After reading, ask students to identify the numbers and simple math operations in the story. - Discuss real-life scenarios where we use addition and subtraction (e.g., adding toys, subtracting cookies). **Questions to Ask:** - How many dots are on this page? - What happens if we add one more dot? #### 2. Direct Instruction (10 minutes) **Concepts:** - **Addition**: Explain that addition means putting together and increasing the number of objects. - **Subtraction**: Explain that subtraction means taking away and decreasing the number of objects. **Visual Explanation:** - Use number cards and counters: e.g., show 3 cards, add 2 more and count all counters together. - Write simple equations on the whiteboard (e.g., 3 + 2 = 5). #### 3. Guided Practice (10 minutes) **Activity: Hands-on Practice** - Give each student a set of counters and number cards. - Call out simple problems (e.g., "Show me 4 counters. Now add 3 more. How many do you have now?") - Have students mimic the problem using their counters and number cards. - Write subtraction problem on the board and solve with the counters. **Example Problems:** - Addition: 1 + 1, 2 + 3, 4 + 2 - Subtraction: 5 - 2, 6 - 3, 4 - 1 #### 4. Independent Practice (10 minutes) **Worksheets:** - Hand out worksheets with simple addition and subtraction problems. - Encourage them to use counters if they need help visualizing the problems. - Walk around the room and offer assistance where needed. #### 5. Group Activity (5 minutes) **Activity: Group Chart** - Divide students into small groups and provide chart paper. - Each group creates a mini poster showing addition and subtraction problems using drawings or stickers (e.g., 3 apples + 2 apples). #### 6. Closing (5 minutes) **Interactive Game/App Review:** - If available, use an interactive game or app on a tablet that reinforces the concepts of addition and subtraction. - Alternatively, do a quick review game on the whiteboard with volunteer students. **Wrap-Up Questions:** - Can someone explain what addition and subtraction mean? - Can anyone give an example of a time you used addition or subtraction today? **Homework/Extension Activity:** - Send home a simple addition and subtraction worksheet for extra practice. - Suggest parents play counting games with their children at home, like counting steps or toys. ### Assessment: - Observe students during guided and independent practice to assess their understanding. - Review completed worksheets for accuracy. - Ask individual students to explain addition and subtraction in their own words to check for comprehension. **Reflection:** - After the lesson, reflect on which students mastered the concept and which students may need additional support. - Adapt future lesson plans based on this assessment. ### Note Tailor activities based on the specific needs and dynamics of your classroom. Ensure all materials are age-appropriate and safe for use by young children.